Editorial standards

Evidence

Every number carries one of four labels. Observed: we measured it and say how. Sourced: someone else published it, and we link it. Illustrative: a sample or a model, marked "Demonstration data". Conceptual: no measurement implied, marked "Concept, not measurement".

Figures

A figure runs when it explains something words cannot, or summarises a lot. We do not use stock photos or generated illustrations. Every figure states its point in its caption or the paragraph before it.

Authors

Every article has a named author with a page. Conflicts of interest appear under the byline. Guest authors are labelled. We do not publish invented quotes, people or organisations; sample content is labelled as a sample.

AI assistance

Authors may draft with AI tools. A person reports, checks and edits every article, and the article says so at the end when AI helped. An AI system is never listed as an author.

Corrections

We correct errors in place and note the change with the "Updated" date. The update date moves only when the substance changes.